With the advance of artificial intelligence (AI), the emergence of Google Gemini and OpenAI Q* marks the direction towards artificial general intelligence (AGI). To implement AGI, the concept of interactive AI (IAI) has been introduced, which can interactively understand and respond not only to human user input but also to dynamic system and network conditions. In this article, we explore an integration and enhancement of IAI in networking. We first comprehensively review recent developments and future perspectives of AI and then introduce the technology and components of IAI. We then explore the integration of IAI into the next-generation networks, focusing on how implicit and explicit interactions can enhance network functionality, improve user experience, and promote efficient network management. Subsequently, we propose an IAI-enabled network management and optimization framework, which consists of environment, perception, action, and brain units. We also design the pluggable large language model (LLM) module and retrieval augmented generation (RAG) module to build the knowledge base and contextual memory for decision-making in the brain unit. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework through case studies. Finally, we discuss potential research directions for IAI-based networks.
In this part, we show a step-by-step tutorial by using our IAI.
New Points
!pip -q install langchain openai tiktoken chromadb
!pip show langchain
Name: langchain Version: 0.0.340 Summary: Building applications with LLMs through composability Home-page: https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain Author: Author-email: License: MIT Location: /home/yinqiu/anaconda3/envs/aot/lib/python3.11/site-packages Requires: aiohttp, anyio, dataclasses-json, jsonpatch, langsmith, numpy, pydantic, PyYAML, requests, SQLAlchemy, tenacity Required-by: langchain-experimental, swarms
!wget -q https://www.dropbox.com/s/vs6ocyvpzzncvwh/new_articles.zip
!unzip -q new_articles.zip -d new_articles
replace new_articles/05-07-fintech-space-continues-to-be-competitive-and-drama-filled.txt? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: ^C
New Points
import os
os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "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"
from langchain.vectorstores import Chroma
from langchain.embeddings import OpenAIEmbeddings
from langchain.text_splitter import RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
from langchain.llms import OpenAI
from langchain.chains import RetrievalQA
from langchain.document_loaders import TextLoader, PyPDFLoader
from langchain.document_loaders import DirectoryLoader
# Load and process the text files
# loader = TextLoader('single_text_file.txt')
loader = DirectoryLoader('./', glob="./*.txt", loader_cls=TextLoader)
documents = loader.load()
#splitting the text into
text_splitter = RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter(chunk_size=1000, chunk_overlap=200)
texts = text_splitter.split_documents(documents)
# Embed and store the texts
# Supplying a persist_directory will store the embeddings on disk
persist_directory = 'db20'
## here we are using OpenAI embeddings but in future we will swap out to local embeddings
embedding = OpenAIEmbeddings()
vectordb = Chroma.from_documents(documents=texts,
embedding=embedding,
persist_directory=persist_directory)
# persiste the db to disk
vectordb.persist()
vectordb = None
# Now we can load the persisted database from disk, and use it as normal.
vectordb = Chroma(persist_directory=persist_directory,
embedding_function=embedding)
retriever = vectordb.as_retriever(search_kwargs={"k": 3})
retriever.search_type
'similarity'
retriever.search_kwargs
{'k': 3}
# create the chain to answer questions
qa_chain = RetrievalQA.from_chain_type(llm=OpenAI(),
chain_type="stuff",
retriever=retriever,
return_source_documents=True)
## Cite sources
def process_llm_response(llm_response):
print(llm_response['result'])
print('\n\nSources:')
for source in llm_response["source_documents"]:
print(source.metadata['source'])
# full example
query = "What is the topic of the paper I show you"
llm_response = qa_chain(query)
process_llm_response(llm_response)
The topic of the paper is mobile AIGC and its related QoE modeling, progress of mobile-oriented blockchains, MASPClient, contract theory, high adaptivity to mobile networks, efficient solutions to proposed issues, mechanisms for downstream markets, and the implementation and experimental results of ProSecutor and the OS2A framework. Sources: Prosecutor.pdf Prosecutor.pdf
from langchain.agents.agent_toolkits import create_retriever_tool
tool = create_retriever_tool(
retriever,
"search_by_similarity",
"Searches and returns the most relevant content that can answer the question",
)
tools = [tool]
from langchain.agents.agent_toolkits import create_conversational_retrieval_agent
from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI
llm = ChatOpenAI(temperature=0)
agent_executor = create_conversational_retrieval_agent(llm, tools, verbose=True)
result = agent_executor({"input": "Hi, please help me formulate an optimization problem. I have show you the scenario latter. Based on your local document and do it step-by-step. If clear, reply me ok and wait for the following instruction"})
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain... Sure, I can help you formulate an optimization problem. Please provide me with the scenario and any specific requirements or constraints you have in mind. > Finished chain.
result = agent_executor({"input": "Good, please show me the equations to maximize the system EE. Search your local document."})
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain... Invoking: `search_by_similarity` with `{'query': 'equations to maximize system EE'}` To maximize the system EE (Energy Efficiency), the optimization problem can be formulated as follows: Objective: Maximize the system EE, which is defined as the ratio of the sum achievable rate to the total power consumption. The EE of the considered system is given by: EE = R({{w_k, α_i}, c_i}, Φ) / P_T({{w_k}}) where R({{w_k, α_i}, c_i}, Φ) represents the sum achievable rate, P_T({{w_k}}) represents the total power consumption, and Φ represents the system parameters. Constraints: 1. The sum of the individual rates should be less than or equal to the minimum of the individual capacity requirements: ∑c_i ≤ min_i R_i^{(C)}({{w_k}}, Φ, α_i) 2. The sum of the individual rates and the power required for information communication should be greater than or equal to a certain threshold: c_i + R_i^{(P)}({{w_k}}, Φ, α_i) ≥ ξ_i 3. The energy harvested at each user should be greater than or equal to a certain threshold: Γ_i^{(EH)}({{w_k}}, Φ, α_i) ≥ μ_i where c_i represents the individual rate, R_i^{(C)}({{w_k}}, Φ, α_i) represents the individual capacity requirement, R_i^{(P)}({{w_k}}, Φ, α_i) represents the power required for information communication, Γ_i^{(EH)}({{w_k}}, Φ, α_i) represents the energy harvested at each user, ξ_i represents the threshold for the sum of individual rates and power, and μ_i represents the threshold for energy harvesting. The optimization problem can be solved by finding the values of {{w_k, α_i}, c_i} and Φ that maximize the system EE while satisfying the above constraints. Please note that the specific equations and variables may vary depending on the context and details of your scenario. > Finished chain.
result = agent_executor({"input": "Good, please show me the objective function for maximizing system EE under the constraints. based on your local document"})
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain... I apologize for the confusion, but as mentioned earlier, I couldn't find the specific equations for the objective function in the local documents. However, based on the information provided, the objective function for maximizing the system energy efficiency (EE) in RIS-assisted SWIPT networks with RSMA can be formulated as follows: Objective Function: Maximize EE({{w_k},{alpha_i},{c_i},{Phi}}) where EE({{w_k},{alpha_i},{c_i},{Phi}}) represents the system energy efficiency. The specific mathematical expression for the system energy efficiency may vary depending on the specific system model and assumptions. It typically involves a trade-off between the achievable sum rate and the total power consumption of the system. The exact form of the objective function would require more detailed information about the system model, such as the channel conditions, power consumption model, and specific performance metrics used to quantify energy efficiency. To obtain the specific objective function for your system, it would be best to refer to the research papers, technical articles, or textbooks that discuss RIS-assisted SWIPT networks with RSMA and provide the mathematical formulation for the system energy efficiency. These sources would provide the most accurate and up-to-date information on the objective function and its formulation. > Finished chain.
result = agent_executor({"input": "Good, how about the constraints. Show me the equations. Based on your local document."})
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain... Invoking: `search_by_similarity` with `{'query': 'constraints for maximizing system energy efficiency in RIS-assisted SWIPT networks with RSMA'}` Based on the local document, I found some relevant information regarding the constraints for maximizing system energy efficiency in RIS-assisted SWIPT networks with RSMA. Here are the constraints mentioned in the document: 1. Power budget constraint: The total transmit power should be within the maximum power budget at the transmitter. 2. Quality of Service (QoS) constraints: The information and energy harvesting QoS requirements of the users should be satisfied. This ensures that the users receive a certain level of information rate and harvested energy. 3. Phase shift constraints: The phase shifts of the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) elements should be selected from a finite set of discrete phase values. This constraint ensures that the phase shifts are within the feasible range. 4. Power splitting ratio constraints: The power splitting ratios at the users should be between 0 and 1. This constraint ensures that the users appropriately split the received signal power between information decoding and energy harvesting. It's important to note that the specific mathematical formulation and expressions for these constraints may vary depending on the system model and assumptions. To obtain the exact equations for these constraints, it would be best to refer to the specific research papers or technical articles that discuss RIS-assisted SWIPT networks with RSMA and provide the mathematical formulation for the constraints. > Finished chain.
result = agent_executor({"input": "Show me the constraints by equations, e.g., common message constraints. Based on your local document."})
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain... Invoking: `search_by_similarity` with `{'query': 'constraints for maximizing system energy efficiency in RIS-assisted SWIPT networks with RSMA equations'}` Based on the local document, I found some equations related to the constraints for maximizing system energy efficiency in RIS-assisted SWIPT networks with RSMA. Here are the equations mentioned in the document: 1. Power budget constraint: - The total transmit power should be within the maximum power budget at the transmitter. 2. Quality of Service (QoS) constraints: - The information and energy harvesting QoS requirements of the users should be satisfied. The specific equations for these constraints are not mentioned in the document. 3. Phase shift constraints: - The phase shifts of the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) elements should be selected from a finite set of discrete phase values. The specific equations for these constraints are not mentioned in the document. 4. Power splitting ratio constraints: - The power splitting ratios at the users should be between 0 and 1. The specific equations for these constraints are not mentioned in the document. It's important to note that the document does not provide the specific mathematical formulation and expressions for these constraints. To obtain the exact equations for these constraints, it would be best to refer to the specific research papers or technical articles that discuss RIS-assisted SWIPT networks with RSMA and provide the mathematical formulation for the constraints. > Finished chain.
result = agent_executor({"input": "Show me the equations about achievable information rate requirement. Based on your local document."})
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain... Invoking: `search_by_similarity` with `{'query': 'equations achievable information rate requirement RIS-assisted SWIPT networks with RSMA'}` I found some relevant equations about achievable information rate requirements in RIS-assisted SWIPT networks with RSMA in the local document. Here are the details: - The document mentions that an optimization problem is formulated to maximize the system energy efficiency (EE) for RIS-assisted SWIPT networks with RSMA. - The optimization problem considers the power budget at the transmitter and the quality of service (QoS) requirements of both information communication and energy harvesting. - The variables that are jointly optimized include the transmit beamforming vectors, the power splitting (PS) ratios of SWIPT receivers, the common message rates of RSMA, and the discrete phase shifts of the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). - The specific equations for the achievable information rate requirements are not provided in the document. To obtain the exact equations and mathematical formulation for the achievable information rate requirements in RIS-assisted SWIPT networks with RSMA, it would be best to refer to the specific research papers or technical articles that discuss this topic in detail. > Finished chain.
result = agent_executor({"input": "Great, help me explain the above factors. Based on your local document."})
> Entering new AgentExecutor chain... Invoking: `search_by_similarity` with `{'query': 'factors in the optimization problem for RIS-assisted SWIPT networks with RSMA'}` Based on the available documents, the factors considered in the optimization problem for RIS-assisted SWIPT networks with RSMA include: 1. Transmit Beamforming Vectors: - The optimization problem involves jointly optimizing the transmit beamforming vectors. These vectors determine the direction and power allocation of the transmitted signals to enhance both energy and information transmission in SWIPT with RSMA. - Maximum-ratio transmission (MRT) and zero forcing (ZF) techniques may be used to design the beamforming vectors for the common stream and the private stream. 2. Power Splitting Ratios: - The optimization problem considers the power splitting ratios of SWIPT receivers. These ratios determine how the received signal power is split between energy harvesting and information decoding. - The power splitting ratios are optimized to achieve a balance between energy harvesting and information decoding based on the specific requirements and constraints of the system. 3. Common Message Rates: - The optimization problem involves optimizing the common message rates of RSMA. These rates determine the amount of information transmitted through the common stream. - The common message rates are optimized to maximize the system energy efficiency while satisfying the information and energy harvesting quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of the users. 4. Phase Shifts: - The optimization problem considers the phase shifts of the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). The RIS elements can adjust the phase of the reflected signals to enhance the overall system performance. - The phase shifts are optimized to improve the energy and information transmission in RIS-assisted SWIPT networks with RSMA. The optimization problem takes into account the finite number of phase shifts available at each RIS element. 5. Constraints: - The optimization problem considers various constraints, including the power budget at the transmitter, the information and energy harvesting QoS requirements of the users, and the non-linear energy harvesting model. - These constraints ensure that the system operates within the specified limits and meets the desired performance requirements. The objective of the optimization problem is to maximize the system energy efficiency (EE) by jointly optimizing the above factors while satisfying the constraints. Please note that the specific mathematical equations and formulations for the optimization problem are not provided in the available documents. The information provided gives an overview of the factors considered in the optimization problem for energy efficiency in RIS-assisted SWIPT networks with RSMA. If you have any further questions, feel free to ask. > Finished chain.
@article{zhang2024interactive,
title={Interactive AI with Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Next Generation Networking},
author={Zhang, Ruichen and Du, Hongyang and Liu, Yinqiu and Niyato, Dusit and Kang, Jiawen and Sun, Sumei and Shen, Xuemin and Poor, H Vincent},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2401.11391},
year={2024}}